Coeliac disease and eating disorders are complex chronic conditions that often coexist, particularly in adolescents. Both conditions share symptoms such as weight change, malnutrition, and gastrointestinal issues, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.
Recent research has highlighted a potential bidirectional relationship between coeliac disease and eating disorders. Individuals with coeliac disease are at an increased risk of developing eating disorders, and vice versa. The strict dietary restrictions required to manage coeliac disease can unintentionally foster disordered eating behaviours, as individuals may become overly preoccupied with food and its potential sources of gluten. Conversely, eating disorders can mask and complicate the symptoms of coeliac disease, leading to diagnostic delays and treatment challenges.
In a literature review published in 2025, healthcare providers are urged to be vigilant in assessing both conditions and providing comprehensive treatment plans that address the dietary, psychological, and medical aspects of each disorder. Early detection and intervention are crucial in preventing the progression of both conditions and promoting overall well-being.
Such challenges are not unique to those with coeliac disease. Children with food allergies are also at increased risk of developing avoidant behaviours toward food due to fear of allergic reactions. Another recent literature review has looked at ways to reduce Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) and food neophobia (a fear or reluctance to try new or unfamiliar foods). It emphasises the critical need for early identification and multidisciplinary intervention to mitigate the profound impacts these conditions can have on a child’s growth, development, and overall well-being.
Reference 1: Wei, Y. et al., Celiac Disease, Gluten-Free Diet, and Eating Disorders: From Bench to Bedside. Foods 2025, 14, 74. DOI: 10.3390/foods14010074.
Reference 2: Nocerino, R. et al., Development and Management of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Food Neophobia in Pediatric Patients with Food Allergy: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 2024, 16, 3034. DOI: 10.3390/nu16173034.
