Consumption of shellfish is growing globally, reflecting its role as a major protein source at a time when the fin fish sector is under increasing pressures. However, this growth is accompanied by rising concern around shellfish allergy, which is often persistent, frequently severe, and increasingly diagnosed in adulthood.
Significant knowledge gaps about shellfish allergy have been detailed in a recent scientific review.
Prevalence of shellfish allergy varies widely by region, with higher rates reported in populations where shellfish intake is greatest.
Current research shows that while crustacean allergens are relatively well characterised, molluscan allergens are under‑studied despite molluscs representing the majority of global production. Of the many species consumed worldwide, only a limited number of allergens have been identified, and diagnostic tools rely heavily on a narrow set of proteins such as tropomyosin, which does not capture the full complexity of allergic responses.
Regulatory frameworks are also inconsistent. While many countries mandate allergen labelling for crustaceans, far fewer extend these requirements to molluscs, leaving gaps in consumer protection and risk management.
The review highlights an urgent need for improved shellfish allergen identification, expanded diagnostic capability, and more consistent global labelling standards to better manage emerging risks associated with shellfish consumption.
For full details, see the open access article here.
